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考研英語英譯漢翻譯技巧(4)正義反譯
考生在做考研英語英譯漢題目時(shí)，應(yīng)首先把這篇四百字左右的短文當(dāng)作泛讀題看一遍，主要是對(duì)全文的大意、段落之間的關(guān)系有所了解。在不影響對(duì)文章主旨的理解的情況下，若有不懂的句子大可不必在意。下一步考生可以逐句地對(duì)五個(gè)劃線部分的句子精讀一番，下面是正義反譯&反義正譯。
正義反譯和反義正譯要求譯者對(duì)一些無法直接用漢語的相同結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表達(dá)的語言結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)方式從相反的角度進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。英漢兩種語言習(xí)慣不同，要加強(qiáng)修辭效果，或要更確切地表達(dá)原文的含義，翻譯時(shí)如果用正面表達(dá)原文出現(xiàn)困難，那么不妨試著用反面表達(dá)，或?qū)⒃牡姆疵姹磉_(dá)改用正面表達(dá)，使譯文更流暢。
There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.
譯文：人們對(duì)智力這個(gè)詞所指的不同表現(xiàn)意見比較一致，而對(duì)這些表現(xiàn)如何解釋或分類則有不同的看法。(more A than B 實(shí)質(zhì)上是對(duì)B的否定，因此我們可以把B 部分用否定法譯出，正義反譯the term根據(jù)上下文譯為"智力這個(gè)詞")
And the cycle continues.
譯文：如此循環(huán)，永不止息。(正義反譯)
It cannot be too much emphasized that listening is the most important in learning English.
譯文：應(yīng)當(dāng)特別強(qiáng)調(diào)，聽力在英語學(xué)習(xí)中是最重要的問題。(反義正譯)
類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：cannot...enough;cannot...more;cannot...sufficient;cannot sufficiently;cannot...overcharged(以及其他由over-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞)，這些結(jié)構(gòu)可以譯為"無論怎么…也不過分"。
The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.
譯文：把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試作為抨擊目標(biāo)是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)樵谂険暨@類測(cè)試時(shí)，批評(píng)者不考慮其弊病來自人們對(duì)測(cè)試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。 (divert attention from譯成"不考慮"。正義反譯)
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
譯文：科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式，也就是對(duì)一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給予準(zhǔn)確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達(dá)方式。(nothing but 譯成"只不過"，反義正譯)
The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.
譯文：迄今為止，聯(lián)合國(guó)辜負(fù)了世界人民寄予的希望。(反義正譯)
I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation, and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.
譯文：這樣一來，在他們眼里，我就像是非常熟悉這一套的了，也使他們更加確信我是一個(gè)地地道道的壞蛋。(正義反譯)
To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.
譯文：批評(píng)智力測(cè)試不反映上述情況，猶如批評(píng)溫度計(jì)不能夠測(cè)風(fēng)速一樣。
such failure是正面表達(dá)，但是從上下文看，是指An intelligence test does not measure character, social adjustments...，所以譯成"不反映上述情況"。
Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.
譯文：伽利略的最光輝的業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谟谒?609年第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空，以求證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)，而不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)。(rather than是正面表達(dá)，但是它含否定意思，應(yīng)該譯成"而不是")
如下詞語經(jīng)常用正反、反正譯法：
動(dòng)詞：fail, miss, lack, live up to, ignore, refuse, withhold, neglect, refrain, deny, overlook, exclude
名詞：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion
形容詞：few, little, free from, far from, short of, safe from, thin, worthy of, ignorant...
副詞：little, less, otherwise, too...to..., vainly
連詞：more...than, unless, before, until, rather than, or
介詞：without, about, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of
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