英語語法知識點(diǎn)
在日常過程學(xué)習(xí)中，大家都背過不少知識點(diǎn)，肯定對知識點(diǎn)非常熟悉吧！知識點(diǎn)也可以理解為考試時會涉及到的知識，也就是大綱的分支。掌握知識點(diǎn)是我們提高成績的關(guān)鍵！下面是小編為大家收集的英語語法知識點(diǎn)，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 1
初中英語語法：在習(xí)慣上只用作定語的形容詞
習(xí)慣上只用作定語的形容詞
這里說的定語指的是位于名詞前作定語(即前置定語)，而不是位于名詞后作定語(即不用作后置定語)，如main 是定語形容詞，可以說mainthings，但不能說something main，因?yàn)楹笾枚ㄕZ從本質(zhì)上說相當(dāng)于表語，即something main 從本質(zhì)上說相當(dāng)于somethingthat is main。下面是幾類典型的定語形容詞：
一、表示相對關(guān)系的形容詞
former 以前的，從前的 latter 后期的，后半的
inner 內(nèi)部的，里面的 outer 外部的，外面的
upper 上部的，上游的 lower 下部的，下游的
elder 年歲較大的 eldest 最年長的
indoor 室內(nèi)的，屋內(nèi)的 outdoor 室外的，屋外的
inside 里面的，內(nèi)側(cè)的 outside 外面的，外側(cè)的
upstairs 樓上的 downstairs 樓下的
【注】inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs等既可用作形容詞也可用作副詞。用于形容詞時，只用于名詞前作定語;若用作副詞，則可用作表語(或名詞后作定語)。
二、表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意義的形容詞
mere 僅僅的 very 極端的
outright 完全的 thorough 十足的
plain 完全的 complete 徹底的
pure 完全的 perfect 全然的
【注】若用于其他意義，有的可用作表語，如plain表示“明白的”、“普通的”等均可用作表語;perfect表示“完美的”、“完備的”、“準(zhǔn)確的”等，也可用作表語。
三、表示度量的.復(fù)合形容詞
three-year-old 3歲大的 120-page 120頁的
five-year 5年的
若用作表語或后置定語，則不用連字符：
She has a five-year-old son. 她有一個5歲的兒子。
Her son is five years old. 她的兒子五歲。
She has a son five years old. 她有一個5歲的孩子。
初中必備英語語法：八種賓語從句不省略that
引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that在下列情況下一般不省略：
1. 賓語從句前有插入語。如：
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我們希望他和我們呆在家里。
2. 有間接賓語時。如：
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告訴我他要去日本。
3. that在與之并列的另一個賓語從句之后。如：
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the childrenlike to read it.他說那本書很有趣，所有小孩都喜歡讀。
4. 在“it(形式賓語)+補(bǔ)語”之后時。如：
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我們認(rèn)為他有必要留在這里。
5. that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時。如：
—What did he hear? 他聽說了什么事?
—That Kate had passed the exam. (他聽說)凱特考試及格了。
6. 在except等介詞后。如：
He has no special fault except that he smokes toomuch.他除了抽煙太多之外,沒有什么特別的毛病。
7. 位于句首時。如：
That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我們隊(duì)會贏。
8. 在較為正式或不常用的動詞(如reply, object)后。如：
He replied that he disagreed. 他回答說他不同意。
初中英語語法：if與whether的區(qū)別
1. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時不用if。如：
Whether we go there is not decided. 我們是否去那里還沒決定。
2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句時不用if。如：
The question is whether we can get there on time. 問題是我們能否按時到達(dá)那里。
3. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句時不用if。如：
He asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.他問我這個問題，那項(xiàng)工作是否值得做。
4. 在介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句不用if。如：
I’m thinking about whether we’ll have a meeting. 我在考慮我們是否要開個會。
5. 直接與not連用時不用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not you will go. 我不知道你是否去。
6. 賓語從句置于句首時不用if。如：
Whether you have met George before, I can’t remember. 我不記得你以前是否見過喬治。
7. 在discuss等之后時不用if。如：
We’re discussing whether we’ll go on a picnic. 我們在討論是否要去野餐。
8. 當(dāng)用if會引起歧義時不用if。如：
Please let me know whether you are busy.請告訴我你是否忙。(若用if，還可理解為“如果你很忙，你就告訴我�！�
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 2
1、主格用來作句子的主語、表語。如：
I often go shopping on Sundays.（星期天我常去購物。）
Are they from Brazil?（他們是巴西人嗎？）
Where have they gone?（他們上哪兒去了？）
That s it.（就那么回事。）
It s he!（是他�。�
2、賓格用來作及物動詞或者介詞的賓語。如：
Who teaches you English this year?（今年誰教你們的英語？）
Help me!（救救我�。�
We often write letters to her.（我們常給他寫信。）
3、人稱代詞作表語或者放在比較狀語從句連詞than或as之后時，可以用主格形式，也可以用賓格形式，口語中大多用賓格。如：
- Who is it?（是誰？） – It s I/me.（是我。）
4、三個不同人稱同時出現(xiàn)，或者主語中包含“我”時，按照“you→he→I”的`順序表達(dá)。如：
Both he and I are working at that computer company.（我和他都在那家電腦公司上班。）
– Who will go there?（誰要去那兒？）
– You and me.（你和我。）
5、人稱代詞it除了可以指人指物之外，還可以表示“時間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況”等含義，此外還可以作“非人稱代詞”使用，替代作主語或者賓語的不定式、動名詞或者名詞性從句。如：
- What s the weather like today?（今天天氣怎樣？）- It s fine.（天氣晴好。）
- What s the time?（幾點(diǎn)啦？） – It s 12：00.（12點(diǎn)。）
It s a long way to go.（那可要走好長的路。）
It took him three days to clean his house.（打掃屋子花了他三天的時間。）
It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.（很顯然，公眾想知道這些人什么時候能進(jìn)入太空。）
We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.（我們發(fā)覺要學(xué)好一門外語是非常困難的。）
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 3
1. 〔誤〕 Im sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop. 〔正〕 Im sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.
〔析〕 get in, 與 get out是兩個相反的詞組。get in 為上車，而get out為下車，但語法家認(rèn)為這里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講Wed better get in. 或Wed better get out. 還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車：get on/off(a train, a ship, a struck) get into/out of (a car, taxi…)
2. 〔誤〕 Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero. 〔正〕 Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero. 〔析〕 over 與 above 在作為比某物高的.意思時有時可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時，即正上方時則要用above.而泛指上方時用over.
3.〔誤〕 The Dead Sea is under the sea level. 〔正〕 The Dead Sea is below the sea level.
〔析〕在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞，over與under也是反意詞。
4. 〔誤〕 There is a big tree in the front of the house. 〔正〕 There is a big tree in front of the house.
in front of 是在物體外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.
5.〔誤〕 It took them two days to walk across the forest. 〔正〕 It took them two days to walk through the forest.
〔析〕 across 作為介詞有兩個主要意思：① 橫過，如：I want to walk across the street.② 對面，如：There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.
6. 〔誤〕 The sun sets toward the west. 〔正〕 The sun sets in the west.
〔析〕 towards也可用作toward，它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動，但不一定到達(dá)，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 時，其前面要用in。要注意的是這4個詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south. 也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part of China.
7. 〔誤〕 Can I write the exam paper with ink? 〔正〕 Can I write the exam paper with a pen? 〔正〕 Can I write the exam paper in ink? 〔析〕 with后要加拿得起來放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in。
8. 〔誤〕 Im earlier today. I came here by his car. 〔正〕 Im earlier today. I came here in his car.
〔析〕在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。by taxi=in a taxi
by train=in a train by bicycle=on a bicycle by ship=on a ship
9. 〔誤〕 A lot of French wines are made of grape. 〔正〕 A lot of French wines are made from grape.
〔析〕 made of 是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from,如：The desk was made of hard wood.
10.〔誤〕 This is a good dictionary in English grammar. 〔正〕 This is a good dictionary on English grammar.
〔析〕關(guān)于某方面的書籍、報(bào)告等有兩個介詞，其中on表示某專業(yè)用書，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知識。
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 4
名詞是：人名、地名、事物名、抽象概念的名稱的`詞。
名詞分為：專有名詞和普通名詞。
（一）專有名詞有：人名、 地名、 國家名、 某國人、 語言名、
�。↙iming） （Beijing） （China、Japan） （Chinese、Japanese） （Chinese、）
星期、 月份、 節(jié)日名
（Sunday） （January） （New Year‘s Day）
專有名詞的首寫字母一定要大寫，前面不能用冠詞。
�。ǘ┢胀~有：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞
１．可數(shù)名詞有：個體名詞和集體名詞。
可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（個體名詞）＝１，一般在名詞前面加上冠詞a/an。復(fù)數(shù)>１一般加“ｓ”。
⊙語法重點(diǎn) --名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：
�、� 一般情況加s：地圖maps；書包bags；老師teachers；橘子oranges；玫瑰roses；貓cats；床beds
“s”發(fā)音要注意：清對清，讀/s/；濁對濁；讀/z/；元音對濁音讀/z/
/s、z、d？/后讀/iz/
“ts”讀/ts/；“ds”讀/dz/
② 單詞結(jié)尾是s、sh、ch、x + es、發(fā)音讀/iz/：
女服務(wù)員們 穿著連衣裙 拿著玻璃杯 坐著公共汽車， 去上課。
waitress- dress- glass- bus- class-
盒子里走出幾只狐貍，端著碟子，拿著刷子，戴著手表，吃著桃子來到海灘上，看教練 訓(xùn)鴕鳥。
box- fox- dish- brush- watch- peach- beach- coach- ostrich-
③ 以 o結(jié)尾分兩種
1） 加es：黑人Negro- 英雄hero- 土豆potato- 西紅柿tomato- 要加es
一句話語法 ：英雄愛吃土豆、西紅柿。
2）加s：
竹林邊有 照相館； 鋼琴上有 收音機(jī)；動物園里有 袋鼠的 照片
bamboo- studio- piano- radio- zoo- kangaroo- photo-
�、� 以 y結(jié)尾的分兩種：
1）輔音字母加上y結(jié)尾的單詞，把y變成i，再加es：
國家 城市有 工廠； 圖書館里有 詞典； 嬰兒 愛好聽 故事
country- city- factory- library- dictionary- baby- hobby- story-
家庭 聚會吃 草莓。
family- party- strawberry-
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 5
來充作賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。如：
He asked what you were doing last night. 他問你昨天夜晚在干什么。
I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原來不知道他在那事故中受了傷。
Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday? 你能解釋上周星期日他為什么沒有來參加聚會嗎?
在賓語從句中須注意：
1. that 在口語中常被省略，但在正式的文體中，不能省;并且它一般不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句，但可引導(dǎo)except, but, in 等少數(shù)介詞的賓語從句。如：
I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。
I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身體舒服，我愿做任何事情來幫助你。
2. 賓語從句之后帶有補(bǔ)足語成分時，一般須用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句放到句末，此時的that不能省。如：
The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那個男孩已清楚的表明他們不能玩弄他的玩具。
3. 動詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅(jiān)決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：(should) do的形式。
He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我們在九點(diǎn)鐘之前趕到那兒。
The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老師勸告我們不要浪費(fèi)時間了。
4. 賓語從句的時態(tài)與主句的時態(tài)須呼應(yīng)。
1)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態(tài)表示。如：
He always says that he is our good friend. 他總是說他是我們的好朋友。
When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當(dāng)老師知道我們所干的事情時，他會說我們做了一件好事。
2)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)為過去時，從句的.謂語動詞須用響應(yīng)的過去時。如：
He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他沒有告訴我們他來自上海。
He said he had read the book. 他說他讀過這本書。
3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)，而不受時間的限制時，即使主句謂語動詞為過去時，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如
Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席說一切帝國主義者都是紙老虎。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時候，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 6
1.(誤〕 Three days after he died. 正〕 After three days he died. 〔正〕 Three days later he died.〔析〕 after 與 later都可以用來表達(dá)一段時間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after 在時間詞前，而later在時間詞后。
2.〔誤〕 She hid herself after the tree. 〔正〕 She hid herself behind the tree.〔析〕 after多用來表達(dá)某動作之后，所以有的語法書中稱它為動態(tài)介詞，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。
3.〔誤〕 There is a beautiful bird on the tree. 正〕 There is a beautiful bird in the tree.〔析〕 樹上長出的.果實(shí)，樹葉要用on, 而其他外來的人、物體均要用in the tree.
4.〔誤〕 Shanghai is on the east of China. 〔正〕 Shanghai is in the east of China.〔析〕 在表達(dá)地理位置時有3個介詞：in, on, to。 in表示在某范圍之內(nèi); on表示與某地區(qū)接壤;to則表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.
5.〔誤〕 I arrived at New York on July 2nd. 〔正〕 I arrived in New York on July 2nd.〔析〕 at用來表達(dá)較小的地方，而in用來表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。
6.〔誤〕 He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road. 〔正〕 He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.〔析〕 在門牌號碼前要用at, 并要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。7.〔誤〕 There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall. 〔正〕 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.〔析〕 在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in，而墻的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.
8. 〔誤〕 Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper? 〔正〕 Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper? 〔析〕 在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in, 而在具體某一版上，或某一頁上則要用on。
9. 〔誤〕 The school will begin on September 1st. 〔正〕 School will begin on September 1st.〔析〕這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活動場所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動時不要加冠詞，如：at table (吃飯)， When I came to Toms home, they were at table. 還有： at desk (學(xué)習(xí))，at work (工作) at school (上學(xué))， in hospital (住醫(yī)院) at church 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：at the school 即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，in the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。
10. 〔誤〕 Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow. 〔正〕 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai. 〔正〕 Ill leave for Shanghai.〔析〕 leave for 是離開某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：start for 動身前往某處，set out for， sail for。
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 7
知識要點(diǎn)
表示“多少”和“第幾”的詞，叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。
1)基數(shù)詞：在十位數(shù)詞和個位數(shù)詞中間加上連字符 “ - “ 。如： 21 twenty -one‘基數(shù)詞三位以上的數(shù)詞， 在百位和十位之間，一般要用連詞"and “。 如： 132 one hundred and thirty-two.
表示”萬“的詞英語中沒有。如1萬可用10千來表示。 ten thousand. 30萬可用 three hundred thousand 來表示。
基數(shù)詞的用法：
1.編號的事物用基數(shù)詞： 如：Lesson Five， Room 101
2.表示”年，月，日“ 時用基數(shù)詞。
3.表示 “幾點(diǎn)鐘， 幾點(diǎn)過幾分” 用基數(shù)詞。 It is two to two. 現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)差兩分。
4.加減乘除用基數(shù)詞。 One plus two is three.一加二等于三。Eight minus four is four. 八減四等于四。
Two times two is four.二乘二等于四.Ten divided by two is five.十除二等于五。
5表示百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)詞.
Thirty percent of them is water. 它們當(dāng)中有30%的水。
6.表示分?jǐn)?shù)時，分子數(shù)字用基數(shù)詞， 但分母要用序數(shù)詞， 如分子不是1，序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
One-fifth of the books are mine. 三分之一的書是我的。
Three-tenths of water is disappeared. 十分之三的水不見了。
2)序數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目順序的詞用序數(shù)詞。
1.序數(shù)詞1━19 除第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九， 第十二變化不規(guī)則外， 其余均由在基數(shù)詞后加上 -th。
2.十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的'構(gòu)成方法是， 是將十位整數(shù)基數(shù)詞的詞尾 -y 變成 i 再加 -eth。
3.幾十幾的序數(shù)詞，只是把個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞， 十位數(shù)不變。
4.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞 由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。
one hundred and twenty-first ，one thousand，three hundred and twentieth
5.序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式 有時，序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。
first--lst second--2nd third--3rd fourth--4th sixth--6th twentieth--20th twenty-third--23rd 其中l(wèi)st，2nd，3rd為特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。
6.通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時，則表示“再”，“又”.
We’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?
7.基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后(名詞需大寫) 即可，不需要添加定冠詞。
the first lesson-Lesson One ，the fifth page-Page 5， the twenty-first room-Room 21
練習(xí)請看第二頁
1. I‘ve read ______ sports news about the F1 race today.
A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of
2. During World War II， a Jewish(猶太)lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her ______.
A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth
3. The river through our city， which is about _________， is clean again.
A. 6000 meters long B. 6000-metres-long
C. 6000-metre-long D. 6000 meter long
4. I study in Yu Cai Middle School. There are two ____students in our school.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of
5. They said they would have holiday.
A. a two-month B. two months C. two-months D. two-month’s
6.-When was the PLA founded?
-It was founded on ____.
A. July 1. 1921 B. October 1.1949
C. May 1.1922 D. August 1.1927
7. In the past two years， many tall buildings have been built in our city. The tallest is an that stands in the centre.
A. 80-floor building B. 60-floor building
C. 80-floor buildings D. 70 floors building
8.The number of people invited ____ fifty， but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.
A. were ; was B. was ; was C. was ; were D. were ; were
9.- How soon will you finish your work? -In about _______.
A. one and a half month B. one month and a half
C. one and half a month D. a month and half
10.-Would you like some fruit， madam? -Oh， yes. _______， please.
A. 5 kilo bananas B. 5 kilos of bananas
C. 5 kilo of bananas D. 5 kilos of banana
小升初英語專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 完形填空及答案1
John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He called the doctor and made sure they ___1___ meet at five. He arrived at the doctor’s at twenty ___2___ five. He thought, “ It’s a little bit earlier. I’ll wait for a moment. It’s good ___3___ there on time.”
___4___ he stopped his car in front of the doctor’s. He ___5___ and saw a noisy square not far from here. He went there and sat down on a chair to enjoy the last light of afternoon sun and ___6___ himself quiet. He saw some children playing and some women talking to each other happily.
Suddenly he ___7___ a girl crying. He came up to her and asked some questions. Then he knew she got lost. John tried to find out her ___8___ and took her home. The girl’s parents were very thankful.
Then John hurried to the doctor’s. When the doctor saw him, he was very ___9___ and said, “You’re late. Why did you keep me waiting for twenty minutes?” John said ___10___ except one word—sorry.
1. A. should B. shall C. would D. will
2. A. past B. to C. of D. after
3. A. to arrived at B. to get C. to leave D. to ride
4. A. Every time B. From now on C. Before D. Then
5. A. looked for B. looked after C. looked at D. looked around
6. A. made B. let C. had D. felt
7. A. hears B. was hearing C. heard D. would hear
8. A. name B. school C. age D. address
9. A. polite B. angry C. happy D. kind
10 A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
【答案】CBBDDACDBD
小升初英語專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 完形填空及答案2
When you are in England, you must be very careful in the streets ___1___ the traffic drives___2___ the left. ___3___ you cross a street, you must look to the ___4___ first and then left.
In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from work, the streets are very___5___. Traffic is most dangerous then.
When you go by bus in England, you have to be ___6___, too. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. Have a look first, ___7___ you will go the wrong way.
In many English cities, there are big buses ___8___ two floors. You can sit on the second floor.___9___ there you can see the city very ___10___. It’s very interesting.
1. A. so B. but C. however D. because
2. A. in B. on C. to D. by
3. A. After B. While C. Before D. But
4. A. left B. right C. buses D. front
5. A. busy B. long C. many D. dirty
6. A. safe B. busy C. dangerous D. careful
7. A. and B. or C. because D. when
8. A. with B. in C. on D. for
9. A. On B. From C. Off D. To
10. A. well B. good C. fine D. nice
【答案】DBCBADBABA
小升初英語專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 完形填空及答案3
Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started drawing when he was three years old, and when he was five he was already very ___1___ at it. He drew many beautiful interesting pictures, and many people ___2___ his pictures. They thought this boy was going to be ___3___ when he was a little older, and then they were going to ___4___ these pictures for a lot of money.
Jimmy’s pictures were quite different from other ___5___ because he never drew on all of the paper. He drew on ___6___ of it, and the other half was always ___7___.
“That’s very clever,” everybody said. “___8___ other people have ever done that before.”
One day somebody asked him, “Please tell me, Jimmy. Why do you draw on the bottom (底部) half of your pictures, ___9___ not on the top half?”
“Because I’m small,” Jimmy said, “and my brushes (毛筆) can’t ___10___ very high.”
1. A. poor B. sad C. glad D. good
2. A. bought B. brought C. sold D. took
3. A. different B. clever C. famous D. rich
4. A. buy B. show C. leave D. sell
5. A. men’s B. people’s C. boy’s D. child’s
6. A. half B. part C. side D. end
7. A. full B. empty C. wrong D. ready
8. A. No B. Some C. Any D. Many
9. A. then B. and C. but D. or
10. A. change B. turn C. pull D. reach
【答案】DACDBABACD
小升初英語專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 完形填空及答案4
Mr Smith lives in the small village, but he works in an office in a big city. He goes to work by train every morning and comes ___1___ the same way.
One morning while he was ___2___ his newspaper on the train, a man ___3___ him came up to him. Mr Smith had not met him before. The man said, “___4___ ” to him and then ___5___ to talk to him. The man said, “Your ___6___ isn’t interesting, is it? You got on the same train at the same station at the same time ___7___ morning and you always sit in the same seat and read the same newspaper.”
When Mr Smith ___8___ this, he put his newspaper down, turned around and ___9___ to the man angrily, “How do you know all that about me?”
“Because I’m ___10___ sitting in the same seat behind you,” the man answered.
1. A. family B. house C. village D. home
2. A. seeing B. look C. reading D. finding
3. A. before B. behind C. beside D. next to
4. A. Sorry B. Thanks C. Hello D. Goodbye
5. A. refused B. stopped C. ordered D. began
6. A. life B. work C. office D. child
7. A. one B. every C. this D. yesterday
8. A. heard B. listened C. found D. felt
9. A. asked B. said C. told D. talked
10. A. never B. hardly C. always D. sometimes
【答案】DCBCDABABC
小升初英語專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 完形填空及答案5
On Christmas Eve a few days ago, an English couple, the Hardens, got a very special call. It was only a 20-second call but it was very ___1___. The Hardens’ 15-year-old daughter has gone ___2___ six months before. On Christmas Eve she rang them. “I’m phoning to wish you a happy Christmas, ” she said, “I love you.”
Ronals and Edwine Harden were so ___3___ that they started a special telephone service(服務(wù))called “Alive and Well”. The service helps ___4___ to get in touch with children who have run away from home.
Young people can phone “Alive and Well” and leave a message for their parents. The telephone are answered by answering machines. So ___5___ can speak to the child or make him return home. Parents of runaway children who are ___6___ eighteen can ask the police to bring their children home. So children do not want to tell their parents where they are. Through “Alive and Well” they can telephone their parents and they do not ___7___ about this or giving out their addresses.
The Hardens and their helpers ___8___ the telephone messages and connect(聯(lián)系)the addresses given. About 30,000 British teenagers have left home and many of them are probably in ___9___. For only two pence(便士)they can go into a telephone coin box and call their parents. They can dial 5675339 and ___10___ a parents worry: Is he dead or alive?
1. A. interesting B. important C. difficult D. exciting
2. A. away B. out C. back D. along
3. A. angry B. happy C. sad D. kind
4. A. teachers B. people C. parents D. friends
5. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one
6. A. at B. above C. over D. under
7. A. think B. worry C. talk D. hear
8. A. ask for B. listen to C. look up D. write down
9. A. Paris B. Tokyo C. London D. New York
10. A. stop B. make C. feel D. leave
【答案】BABCDDBDCA
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 8
1. Look! Here the bus comes.(×)
Look! Here comes the bus.(√)
[析] 在以here, there引起的陳述句中，若句子的主語是名詞，要用倒裝語序，即用“Here /There+動詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu);但主語若是代詞時，則不用倒裝語序, 即用“Here/There +代詞+動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. I do well in playing football, _______. (我妹妹也行。)A. so my sister does(×)B. so does my sister(√)
Li Lei is really a football fan. --- _______. (確實(shí)這樣.) A. So is he(×) B. So he is(√)
[析] “so+be動詞/助動詞+主語”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)表示前面所述情況也適用于后者，意為“……也是這樣”;“so+主語+be動詞/助動詞”的陳述結(jié)構(gòu)表示對前述情況的肯定，意為“……確實(shí)如此”。
3.重慶比中國的其他城市都大。
Chongqing is larger than any city in China. (×)Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (√)
[析] “any city in China”包括了重慶這座城市, 同一事物自己與自己不能做比較，只有在city 前加上other才能表示重慶和中國的其它城市比較大小。
The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. (×)
The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing . (√)
[析] 表示比較時，句子中的兩個比較對象必須一致，不同的比較對象不能做比較。錯誤句的比較對象分別為the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing，這兩個不同類的事物之間不能做比較。
4, His sister married with a teacher last summer.(×)His sister married a teacher last summer. (√)
[析] 表達(dá)“A和B結(jié)婚”，要用A married/will marry B。這時務(wù)必要避免受漢語影響使用A married/will marry with B。
5. 例There is going to have a film tonight. (×) There is going to be a film tonight. (√)
[析] 一般將來時用在 There be 句式中時，be going to或will之后的動詞原形只能用be,也就是說要用There is (are) going to be.... / There will be....。
6. 例I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday. (×)I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.(√)
[析] 習(xí)慣上在含有時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句的謂語動詞用了一般將來時，從句的.謂語動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。
7.例 Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. (×)
Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun. (√)
[析] 習(xí)慣上在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，從句的謂語動詞要用過去的某種時態(tài)。但如果從句表述的是一客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理時，則不受主句時態(tài)的影響，而用一般現(xiàn)在時。
8. All the balls are not round. 翻譯成漢語：
所有的球都不是圓的。(×)并不是所有的球都是圓的。(√)
[析] all, every, both等詞和not連用時，not通常放在all, every, both的后面，一般情況下表示部分否定，意為“并非……都……”。
9. 例--- He didn’t go to school yesterday, did he?-- _______, though he didn’t feel very well.
A. No, he didn’t (×) B. Yes, he did (√)
例--- Don’t you usually come to school by bike?-- _______. But I sometimes walk.
A. No, I don’t (×) B. Yes, I do (√)
[析] 習(xí)慣上英語中的yes意為“是的”，no意為“不”，但在“前否后肯”的反意疑問句或否定疑問句中，yes意為“不”，no意為“是的”。
10.---- Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here?---- No，its about _______.
A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes
walk D. 7 minutes walk
答案為C。本題考查名詞所有格用法。當(dāng)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)以-s結(jié)尾時，則只需要加“”即可，則“7分鐘的距離”為“7 minutes walk”。
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 9
1.人稱代詞
主格： I we you she he it they
賓格： me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最后一個字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i，再+er heavier, earlier
(5) 不規(guī)則變化： well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 縮略形式
I’m = I am
you’re = you are
she’s = she is
he’s = he is
it’s = it is
who’s =who is
can’t =can not
isn’t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book,
a peach
an egg
an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示時間： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter
8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 動詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑問句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句：
There is a … There are …
一般疑問句：Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…?
Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please.
13. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。通常用“now”。 形式：
be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的.形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
run –running swim—swimming
14 一般現(xiàn)在時。
通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
肯定句： I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑問句： Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
15. (情態(tài))動詞can,must, should 后面直接用動詞原形。
eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2.You should keep quiet in the library.
16. 一般過去時態(tài)
(a) be 動詞的過去式： I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。
(b) 動詞過去式：
肯定句： I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo.
一般疑問句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week.
(3)動詞過去式的變化：
規(guī)則動詞的變化：
Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。
Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied
eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
eg: stop --stopped
不規(guī)則動詞的變化：
is/am—was,
are—were,
do—did,
have/has—had,
make—made,
fly-flew/u:/ eat—ate,
take—took,
run—ran,
sing—sang,
drink—drank 等等
17. “Wh-” questions.
What are you doing? What colour is it?
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
How much is the toy bear?
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 10
英語語法感嘆句知識點(diǎn)：帶有so和such的感嘆句
一、so+形容詞
You’re so kind! 你太好了!
It’s so expensive! 太貴了!
That’s so lovely! 太可愛了!
二、such a / an (+形容詞)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
He’s such a nice boy! 他是個那么好的男孩子!
It’s such a lovely little box! 這個小盒子太可愛了!
三、such (+形容詞)+不可數(shù) / 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
They talk such rubbish! 他們說的話真無聊!
They’re such kind people! 他們那些人可真好!
英語語法祈使句知識點(diǎn)：把祈使句變?yōu)楦袊@句
將下列句子變成感嘆句：
1. It is quite a nice present.→_____ _____ nice present!
2. We have fine weather today.→ _____ _____ weather we have today!
3. It’s sunny today.→_____ _____ sunny day it is today!
4. The children are working hard.→ _____ _____ the children are working!
5. She played basketball wonderfully.→ _____ _____ she played basketball!
6. He is good at singing.→_____ _____ he sings!
7. He was doing well in dancing.→ _____ a _____ dancer he was!
8. Tom coughs badly.→_____ _____ _____ cough Tom has!
9. The fish is very lovely.→_____ _____ the fish is!
10. They live a happy life today.→ _____ _____ _____ life they live! 將下列句子變成祈使句：
11. Would you like to wait a moment?→_____ _____ a moment.
12. Can I use your bike?→Please _____ _____ your bike.
13. You’d better not smoke here.→_____ _____ here.
14. You must be careful with your handwriting. _____ _____ with your handwriting.
15. Will you please not play with my pencil? →____ ____ with my pencil,____. 提高型
1. ____ a nice watch it is!(1998山東)
A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a
2. ____ bright girls they are!(1998浙江)
A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. how a
3. ____ interesting the film is!(1998湖北)
A. WhatB. What anC. How
4. ____ sunny day! Let’s go out for a walk.(1999江西)
A. How aB. HowC. What aD. What
5. ____ hard work it is!(1999浙江)
A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an
6. ____ day it is! It’s rainy again. (1999江西)
A. How badB. What a badC. How fineD. What a fine
7. ____ great day July 1,1997 will be! (1999上海)
A. How aB. What aC. HowD. What
8. ____ expensive trousers!(1999浙江)
A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. What an
9. Please ____, they’re having a meeting.(1998黑龍江)
A. not be so noisyB. Be quiteC. mustn’t talkD. no speaking
10. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.(河北)
A. Not to forgetB. Not forgetC. Forget notD. Don’t forget 綜合型
1. ____ girl she is!(1998河北)
A. What bright aB. How a brightC. How bright aD. What bright
2. ____ weather we have today!(1983上海)
A. A fineB. What a fineC. How a fineD. What fine
3. ____ careless he is!(1986吉林)
A. WhatB. HowC. So muchD. How much
4. ____ from Beijing to London!(1993黑龍江)
A. How long way it isB. What a long way is it C. How long way is itD. What a long way it is
5. Oh, John, ____ you gave us!(1990內(nèi)蒙古)
A. How a pleasant surpriseB. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise
6. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____?(1990北京西城區(qū))
A. won’t weB. will youC. don’t weD. shall we
7. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____?(1999天津)
A. do youB. will youC. can youD. could you
8. –Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I ____.
A. don’tB. won’tC. can’tD. haven’t
9. ____ down the radio. The baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. TurningB. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn
10. Lucy, ____ the door or someone’ll come in.(1996河南)
A. closeB. closesC. not closeD. is closing
11. ____ and play football in the street after lunch.(哈爾濱)
A. Let’s not to goB. Let’s not goC. Let’s don’t go D. Not let’s go
12. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus.(安徽)
A. Not parkingB. Not smokingC. No parkingD. No smoking
13. ____ useful work they have done!(20xx上海)
A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an
14. ____ nice picture you gave me!(20xx杭州)
A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an
15. ____ Chinese in you English class.(20xx西安)
A. Not speakB. Don’t speakC. Speak notD. Don’t speaking
英語語法祈使句知識點(diǎn)：祈使句與感嘆句
一、祈使句
1. 祈使句主要用于提出請求，發(fā)出邀請，給予指示、忠告或警告，也可發(fā)出命令等。
2.祈使句的特點(diǎn)是：一般不出現(xiàn)主語(you)，但有時為了指明向誰請求或命令，也可以說出主語;謂語動詞一律用原形;否定式一律在動詞前面加 don’t。如：
Come this way, madam. 這邊走，夫人。
Don’t lose the key. 別把鑰匙丟了。
Someone fetch a pail of water. 誰去打一桶水來
3. 有關(guān)祈使句最可能涉及的考點(diǎn)是：祈使句帶主語以及“祈使句+and / then / or+陳述句”這一句型(祈使句表示條件)。另外，祈使句與反意疑問句一起考查也是高考一大特點(diǎn)。如：
Let’s phone her now, shall we? 我們現(xiàn)在就給她打電話，好嗎?
You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你們女孩子站在前排，好嗎?
Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam. 努力點(diǎn)，你會通過考試的。
請做以下試題：
(1) Jim, you go there to help him, _______?
A. do you B. will you C. are you D. have you
答案選B。句首的呼語 Jim 清楚地表明這一個祈使句，只是其前帶了主語而已。
(2) ________ me back my money, or I’ll ring the police.
A. Giving B. Given C. Give D. To give
答案選C。填空處為祈使句謂語，故用動詞原形。
二、感嘆句
感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)是：
What+a / an+(adj.) 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 (+主語+動詞)!
What +adj.+不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞!
How+adj. / adv.(+主語+動詞)!
How adj.+an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 (+主語+動詞)!
如：
What a lovely day it is! 多好的天氣!
What a good heart you have! 你的心腸真好!
What interesting stories he’s told us! 他給我們講的故事真有趣!
How clever the boy is! 這男孩真聰明!
How clever a boy he is! 他這孩子真聰明!
注：以上基本結(jié)構(gòu)也可能有變體。如：
How nice of you to come! 你來了真好!
What a joy to have you with us! 有你和我們在一起真令人高興!
What a mistake it is to have come! 來這里是個多大的錯誤呀!
英語語法陳述句知識點(diǎn)：陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換感嘆句詳解
一、如何快速掌握感嘆句?
學(xué)會分析五種基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感嘆句的關(guān)鍵，陳述句變感嘆句實(shí)際上就是句子成分位置的移動。
例1 She is smiling sweetly.
→How sweetly she is smiling!(移動狀語)
二、哪些句子成分可能會移動位置?
通過對句子成分的分析我們就可以確定哪個句子成分需要挪動位置，一般說來含有形容詞的名詞短語、形容詞短語和副詞短語需要變動位置。位置可能會變動的句子成分：賓語、表語和狀語。
例2 Mr Turner told us a funny story.
→What a funny story Mr Turner told us!(移動賓語含有形容詞的名詞短語)
三、如何確定使用what還是使用how?
當(dāng)我們做句型變換或選擇題時需要自己確定到底是用what還是用how，一般可以這樣來確定：位于主語之前的是名詞短語時用what，是形容詞或副詞短語時用how。但這種格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + N
例3 What a cool bike you are riding!(a cool bike 名詞短語)
例4 How fast he is riding!(fast 副詞)
例5 How cool a bike you are riding!(how + adj. + a/ an +N)
四、如何判斷是否使用冠詞、使用什么樣的冠詞?
名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式和不可數(shù)名詞之前不使用冠詞，以元音音素開頭的詞語之前用an，以輔音音素開頭的詞語之前用a。
例6 What beautiful sunshine it is today!(sunshine 不可數(shù)名詞)
例7 What a useful book this is!(useful 以輔音音素開頭)
例8 What an old house that is!(old 以元音音素開頭)
五、感嘆句有哪幾種格式?
簡單地說是“兩型七式”：兩種句型是以what開頭的句型和以how開頭的句型，七種格式是
① what + a + adj. + N+ S +V
�、� what + an + adj. +N +S +V
�、� what + adj. + N(不可數(shù)) + S +V
�、� what + adj. + N(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式)+ S+V
�、� how + adj.+ S +V
�、� how + adv. + S + V
⑦ how + adj. + a/ an + N + S+V
例 What exciting news it is!(what + adj. + N(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式)+ S + V結(jié)構(gòu))
例9 What good teachers they are!(what + adj. + N(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式)+ S+V結(jié)構(gòu))
例10 How warmly they are discussing!(how + adv. + S + V結(jié)構(gòu))
例11 How beautiful a picture it is!(how + adj. + a/ an + N + S + V 結(jié)構(gòu))
六、以what開頭的句型和以how開頭的句型怎樣進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換?
這兩種句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換主要是指以下兩種情況而言的.:
1.含有“a/ an + adj. + N ”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子方法是把形容詞單獨(dú)抽出來放在名詞短語的前面和how搭配使用。
2.名詞短語作主語而表語是形容詞的句子方法是把主語當(dāng)作“a/ an + adj. + N”結(jié)構(gòu)的中心名詞而用人稱代詞充當(dāng)主語。
例12 What an expensive glass he broke! →How expensive a glass he broke!
例13 How beautiful the birds are! →what beautiful birds they are!
(說明：N代表名詞，未特別說明者代表可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，S代表主語，V代表動詞)
七、在感嘆句中哪些詞語常常省略?
常常省略的是充當(dāng)主語的人稱代詞和動詞be。
例14 What a naughty boy!(省略了he is)
八、有什么巧妙的辦法記住這些規(guī)律嗎?
以上的解釋說明似乎很復(fù)雜，其實(shí)理清了思路、抓住了要領(lǐng)、掌握了規(guī)律并不是那么難的。為了便于同學(xué)們記憶我把以上規(guī)律編成了一段順口溜，請同學(xué)們對照閱讀。
陳述句述事實(shí)，感嘆句表感情。
陳述變成感嘆句，主謂系表先分清。
賓語狀語移句首，表語亦須打頭陣。
名詞之前用what，形副之前how先行。
復(fù)數(shù)名詞無冠詞，事先分析莫輕心。
如果名詞不可數(shù)，摒棄a, an不留情。
冠詞a, an要分明，清音輔音是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
句子結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號亦變更。
總結(jié)規(guī)律進(jìn)步快，編個歌訣給你聽。
高考英語語法速記口訣：感嘆句用法
【速記口訣】
感嘆句，并不難，what、how放句前;
強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞用what，其余用how很簡單。
【妙語詮釋】由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句一般修飾名詞，而how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句一般修飾形容詞、副詞或句子。
小升初英語必考考點(diǎn)：辨別What和How感嘆句的有效方法
小編給同學(xué)們總結(jié)了小升初必考考點(diǎn)，在我們考試中是經(jīng)�？梢杂龅降�，希望同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)后能有所幫助。更多小升初英語考點(diǎn)盡在。
先說說兩個感嘆句的句型吧!
What+n/n短語+主+謂
How+adj/adv+主+謂
先劃掉感嘆句后面主謂的，剩下的是名詞就what,如果剩下的是形容詞或者副詞就用how。當(dāng)然名詞還需辨別可數(shù)不可數(shù)來確定是否有冠詞a/an。
例如：
1)._______ delicious food it is!
2)._______ delicious the food is!第一句劃掉主謂后剩下 food 這個名詞，顯然用What;第二句劃掉主謂之后剩下的是delicious形容詞，顯然就用How。
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 11
英語考試中,學(xué)生常常因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)知識的不牢固而失分，甚至影響到自己升入理想的初中，20xx考試在即，網(wǎng)整理了英語練習(xí)題，供大家數(shù)學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)。一.名詞：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，名詞的格
一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
1.一般情況，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以f或fe結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
二)名詞的格
1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格：
a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes
? 并列名詞中，如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后，表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
? 要表示所有物不是共有的，應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用 of +名詞來表示所有關(guān)系：如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠詞：不定冠詞，定冠詞種類：
1)不定冠詞：a / an a unit / an uncle
元音開頭的`可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /
an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an
exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
2)定冠詞：the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠詞的用法：
1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.
2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
3)談話雙方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
4)在序數(shù)詞前： John’s birthday is February the second.
5)用于固定詞組中： in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況：
1)專有名詞前：China is a big country.
2)名詞前有定語：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：
This is my baseball.
3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
4)在節(jié)日，日期，月份，季節(jié)前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
6)球類 棋類運(yùn)動前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但樂器前要用定冠詞：I play the guitar very well.
7)學(xué)科名稱前：My favorite subject is music.
8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前：This is Mr Li.
9)固定詞組中：at noon at night by bus
三、代詞：人稱代詞，物主代詞
人稱代詞 物主代詞
主格 賓格
第一
人稱 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的)
復(fù)數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的)
第二
人稱 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的)
復(fù)數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的)
第三
人稱 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的)
she(她) her her(她的)
it(它) it its(它的)
復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的)
四、形容詞，副詞：比較級，最高級
一)、形容詞的比較級
1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個事物或人的比較用比較級，比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a
little來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。
2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則：
�、� 一般在詞尾加er ;
�、� 以字母e 結(jié)尾，加r ;
�、� 以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er ;
�、� 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er 。
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級：
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二)副詞的比較級
1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形，有形用be;有動用副，有副用動)
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后
�、聘痹~在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動詞之后
2.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther)
五 數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞
1)1-20
one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，
sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty
2)21-99 先說幾十，再說幾，中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→
eighty-nine，91→ninety-one
3)101—999先說幾百，再加and，再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);
586→five hundred and eighty-six，803→eight hundred and three
4)l，000以上，先從右往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個，第一個，前為thousand.第二個，前為million，第三個
，前為billion
1，001→one thousand and one
18，423→eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three
6，260，309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750，000，000，000→seven hundred and fifty billion
二、序數(shù)詞
1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
eg.four→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth
2)不規(guī)則變化
one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve—twelfth
3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù)，變y為ie再加th
twenty→twentieth， forty→fortieth， ninety→ninetieth
4)從二十一后的幾十幾直至幾百幾十幾或幾千幾百幾十幾只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。
twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth
基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣：
基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾加上-th.
一，二，三，特殊記，詞尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty將y變成i，th前面有個e.
若是碰到幾十幾，前用基來后用序。
六、介詞：常用介詞：in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示時間概念的某一個點(diǎn)。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。
at 1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
注：(1)關(guān)于在周末的幾種表示法：
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個周末
during the weekend在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節(jié)，應(yīng)說at Christmas而不說on Christmas
2)在(剛……)的時候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。
3.in
1)表示時段、時期，在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對比，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December，
the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))
七、動詞：動詞的四種時態(tài)：
1)一般現(xiàn)在時：
一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成
1. be動詞：主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時，要在動詞后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
2)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：
A、規(guī)則動詞
�、� 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed：如worked , learned , cleaned , visited
�、谝詄結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d：如lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如study – studied carry – carried worry –
worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
�、� 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如stopped
B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則，須熟記)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read
,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose
– lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
3)一般將來時：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)： ①be going to + do;
�、趙ill+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
�、� 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
�、� 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing
�、� 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 12
冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面幫助指明名詞的含義。冠詞分為不定冠詞a(an)和定冠詞the兩種。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示“一”的意義，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念，只表示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者，表示“這”、“那”、“這些”、“那些”的意思，在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。
I不定冠詞
We need an apple and a knife.
我們需要一個蘋果和一把刀子。
1.a和an的區(qū)別
不定冠詞有a[+]和an[+Q]兩種形式，a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開頭的'詞前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前。
a boy, a university, a European country
u是元音字母，但發(fā)音是[U(]，是輔音。
an hour，an honor，an island
h是輔音字母，但它不發(fā)音，它的音標(biāo)是是元音。
an elephant，an umbrella，an egg
2(1)不定冠詞的用法
�、俜褐浮惾嘶蛭�。
eg. This is a pencil case.
�、谥覆痪唧w的某個人或物。
eg. I met an old man On my way home.
�、塾迷谛驍�(shù)詞前,相當(dāng)于another.
eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.
�、鼙硎尽懊俊�(個)”,相當(dāng)于every.
eg. They have music lessons twice a week.
必背!
give a lesson take a bath have a rest
教(一堂)課洗(個)澡休息
have a talk have a fever have a good time
聽報(bào)告發(fā)燒過得愉快
have(take)a walk have a headache have a nice trip
散步頭疼旅途愉快
a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo
(2)不定冠詞的位置
�、俨欢ü谠~—般放在所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。
eg, a bike, an egg
�、诋�(dāng)名詞被such, what, many修飾時，不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。
eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
What a dangerous job it is!
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.
�、郛�(dāng)名詞前的形容詞前有so, how, too等詞時，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is!
�、墚�(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞和quite, rather, very時，不定冠詞放在quite, rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.
That is rather a useful too1.
This is a very interesting story.
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 13
after與behind的用法區(qū)別
兩者均可表示“在…之后”，其區(qū)別是：
(1) after 主要用于時間或次序，behind 主要用于位置：
He decided to leave after lunch. 他決定午飯后離開。
Summer comes after spring. 春去夏來。
The hospital is behind the post office. 醫(yī)院在郵局后面。
behind 有時也用于時間，表示“遲于”，主要用于behind time (遲，晚)這一習(xí)語：
The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火車晚點(diǎn) 20 分鐘。
(2) 兩者都可用于引申義，after 側(cè)重指追求、尋找、模仿等；而behind 則側(cè)重指在背后、支持、落后等：
The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。
Many young people are after her 初中數(shù)學(xué). 許多年輕人都追求她。
We are behind you completely. 我們完全支持你。
He is behind the others in maths. 他的不如別人。
if 和 whether用法
if 和 whether用法
whether和if用法相同嗎？
有時相同，有時不同。 whether和if都可作賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，意為“是否”，在一般情況下可以互換。if多用于口語和非正式文體中，whether則多用于比較正式的文體中。例如：
She asked me if／whether I could help her with if 和 whether用法 her English．她問我是否能幫她學(xué)。
I dont know if／whether it is going to rain．我不知道是否會下雨。
它們之間的.相同點(diǎn)我已明白。它們之間有什么不同呢？
［老師］在下列六種情況下，只能用whether，不能用 if：
1．在帶to的動詞不定式前。例如：
She hasnt decided whether to go or not．她還沒有決定去還是不去。
He doesnt know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home．他不知道是去看電影還是在家看電視。
2．在介詞后面。例如：
Im thinking of whether we should go fishing．我在想我們是否該去釣魚。
Im not interested in whether shell come or not．她來不來，我不感。
3．直接與or not連用時。例如：
I cant say whether or no the will come on time．他能否準(zhǔn)時來，我說不準(zhǔn)。
I dont know whether or not they will come to help us．我不知道他們是否會來幫助我們。
4．在動詞discuss后面的賓語從句中。例如：
We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week．我們討論下周我們是否舉行運(yùn)動會。
5．賓語從句提前時只能用whether。例如：
Whether this if 和 whether用法 is true or not，I cant say．這是不是真的，我說不準(zhǔn)。
6．引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語從句或表語從句用 whether。例如：
Whether he is right or wrong is a question．他是對還是錯仍是個問題。
The question was whether he went there last night．問題是他昨晚去沒去那里。
那么，在什么情況下用if不用whether呢？
［老師］在下面三種情況下用if不用whether：
1．引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，if意為“如果”時，不可用 whether代替。例如：
We will go swimming if it is fine tomorrow．如果明天天氣好，我們將去游泳。
Well go hiking ifit doesnt rain tomorrow．如果明天不下雨，我們將去徒步旅行。
2．引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時一般用if。例如：
He asked me if I hadnt finished my homework．他問我是否沒有完成作業(yè)。
3．狀語從句中的even if（即使）和as if（好像）中的if不能用whether來替代。例如：
Ill not let you watch TV even if youre free．即使你有空，我也不讓你看電視。
He talks as if he knew all about it．他說話的口氣好像他全部都已知道了。
OK，講了這么多，不知你聽明白了嗎？
聽明白了。Thank you，sir．
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 14
英語語法知識：It be time +（that）從句
在英語里，“It be time +（that）從句”是一個較為常用的句型，它表示“該做……的時候了”的意思。該句型屬于主從復(fù)合句的一種；其主句部分為"It be time"，從句部分的連詞that可以省略。以下從三個方面簡要談?wù)勥@一句型。
一、time前面的修飾語
句型“It be time +（that）從句”通常暗示“有點(diǎn)遲了”，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這一含義，可以在time的前面加形容詞high.例如：
Its high time we started.
It is high time that more women ran the arts.
為了使語氣得到進(jìn)一步的加強(qiáng)，還可以在high的前面加certainly, more than等副詞或詞組：
It is certainly high time that we ordered dinner.
形容詞full也可以加在time的前面，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。例如：
Its full time you had a nice day.
It is full time that boy went to herding.
time前面還可以加about,這時句型所表達(dá)的意思是“早該……”。例如：
Its about time we started.
Its about time I settled down.
上面兩例中的about可以用getting來代替，句意不變；這可以視為句型“It be time +（that）從句”的一種變體。
二、從句中的動詞形式
在“(that)從句”中，動詞形式通常是一般過去時。這是一種奇特而有趣的語言現(xiàn)象，即用假設(shè)的過去時來代替實(shí)際的將來時。從英語史的角度來看，從句中的動詞形式用過去時原是屬虛擬語氣；但從語言發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)來看，目前這種動詞形式視為陳述語氣比較合適。
著名語言學(xué)家夸克（R. Quirk）教授等人在1985年出版的《英語語法大全》一書中認(rèn)為，“(that)從句”的動詞形式一定要用“假設(shè)的過去時”。他們舉了一例：Its time I was in bed.其實(shí)，動詞形式除常用過去時外，也可以用其他時態(tài)和語態(tài)（用何種形式應(yīng)視情況而定）。正如著名語言學(xué)家周海中教授在1988年發(fā)表的《探討“It be time （that）…”句型》一文中所言：在現(xiàn)代英語里，“(that)從句”中的動詞形式一般用過去時，這是基本規(guī)則；有時也可以用其他的動詞形式，但應(yīng)視為特殊用法。他在其文中列舉了大量實(shí)例，用于論證和說明。
1．用were型虛擬語氣。例如：
Its high time I were hence. (W. Shakespeare)
Its time I were gone. (A. Tennyson)
由于英語的發(fā)展，虛擬語氣與陳述語氣之間的.區(qū)別正在逐漸消失�；谶@種情況，虛擬語氣的were也正在逐漸地代替陳述語氣的was.
2．用be型虛擬語氣。例如：
You reckon I be found anywhere with him, time he start belle ring. (W. Faulkner)
It is time that more of the research dollars now devoted to cure be diverted to finding new and more humane ways of curing that will make a cancer patients remaining years happier, more comfortable, and more productive. (Science, 1984, Vol. 5, No.7)
動詞形式用be型虛擬語氣是古英語的用法。目前，這一用法在英國英語中已“日薄西山”，而在美國英語中卻有“東山再起”之勢，但主要見于正式文體。
3．借助情態(tài)動詞should
Its time this heart should be unmoved. (G. Byron)
It may be time that I should meet with some misfortune; but I hope it is not this. (C. Dickens)
上面用法主要見于文學(xué)作品，尤其是英國人寫的。
4．用過去進(jìn)行時。例如：
Its time we were leaving. (H. Maclnnes)
Its time we were getting home. (E. ONeil)
上面用法通常是一些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動作動詞。
5．用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：
It is high time that the U. S. realizes it cannot continue to hide its head in the sand, for the sand has started to blow. (Newsweek, Oct. 15, 1979)
“It is time that the burden of Reaganomics is shared by those in the upper-income groups,” 0Neill declared. (Time, Jun. 20, 1983)
上面用法主要見于美國英語，尤其在新聞文體里。這是一種值得關(guān)注的語言現(xiàn)象。
6．用完成時。例如：
Its time that reduction in force has finally hit the federal government also. (U. S. News and World Report, Mar. 15, 1982)
Fooleries! Pshaw! Its time youd done with fooleries. (G. Eliot)
上面用法也是一種值得關(guān)注的語言現(xiàn)象。
三、句型中的省略現(xiàn)象
在口語中，可以把句型“It be time +（that）從句”中的"It be"省略。例如：
High time we left. （J. Linsay)
Time we were going. (M. Hammonds)
在一定的上下語境中，也可以把句型中的“(that)從句”省略。例如：
This program goes in that direction, and I believe its time. （T. Wicker)
在特定的語境里，甚至還可以把句型中的"It be"和“(that)從句”都省掉，意義仍然是顯豁的；不過，這時time前面要用high來修飾，其后面常跟副詞too,該詞只是用來加強(qiáng)語氣，并無具體意義。例如：
Hes gone back to work.—— High time, too! (Longman Dictionary of English Idioms)
順帶一提，句型“It be the +序數(shù)詞+ time +（that）從句”與句型“It be time +（that）從句”在結(jié)構(gòu)上有點(diǎn)相似，但它們在句意上是完全不同的。前者也是主從復(fù)合句，當(dāng)其主句的be用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的動詞形式通常為現(xiàn)在完成時，it可以用this來代替；當(dāng)其主句的be用一般過去時，從句的動詞形式通常為過去完成時，it可以用that 來代替。例如：
It/This is the first time (that) I have seen him.
It/That was the third time (that) I had been there.
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 15
1、動詞be（is,am,are）的用法
我（I）用am,你（you）用are，is跟著他（he），她（she），它（it）。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。
2、this，that和it用法
�。�1）this和that是指示代詞，it是人稱代詞。
（2）距離說話人近的人或物用this,距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如：
This is a flower.這是一朵花。（近處）That is a tree.那是一棵樹。（遠(yuǎn)處）
�。�3）放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西，先說this,后說that。如：
This is a pen. That is a pencil.這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。
�。�4）向別人介紹某人時說This is…,不說That is…。如：
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.這是海倫，海倫，這是湯姆。
�。�5）This is不能縮寫,而That is可以縮寫。如：
This is a bike. That’s a car.這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。
�。�6）打電話時，介紹自己用this,詢問對方用that。如：
—Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂，是格林小姐嗎？
—Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的，我是，你是誰？
注意：雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”，但英語中打電話時絕不可以說：I am…, Are you…？/Who are you?
（7）在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時,要用it代替this或that。如：
�、佟狪s this a notebook?這是筆記本嗎？—Yes, it is.是的，它是。
�、凇猈hat’s that?那是什么？—It’s a kite.是只風(fēng)箏。
3、these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代詞，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式，指時間，距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事；those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式，指時間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.這是我的床。那是莉莉的`床。
�、赥hese pictures are good.那些畫很好。
�、� Are those apple trees?那些是蘋果樹嗎？
在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時，通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如：
④Are these/those your apples?這些（那些）是你的蘋果嗎？
Yes, they are.是的，他們是。
4、名詞＋’s所有格
單數(shù)名詞后直接加“ ’s ”：
Jim’s coat吉姆的外套Jeff’s mother杰夫的媽媽
’以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加“”
Teachers’ Day教師節(jié)the twins’ books雙胞胎的書
不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，加“ ’s ”
Children’s Day兒童節(jié)men’s shoes男式鞋
表示兩者共同擁有時，只在最后一個名詞后加’s
Lucy and Lily’s mother露茜和莉莉的媽媽（共同的媽媽，一個媽媽）
表示兩者各自擁有時，要在每個名詞后加’s
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms露茜和凱特的房間（各自的房間，兩間房子）
5、There be句型
�。�1）There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處（某時）有某人（某物）�！逼浠窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為“There be＋某物（某人）＋某地（某時）”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；主語是be后面的名詞，be是謂語動詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結(jié)構(gòu)：
There is a book on the desk.There be放句首，主語跟在后。地、時放句末，強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。
On the desk there is a book.有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)，也可把介詞短語放在句首。如：
�。�2）There be句型中的be動詞如何確定呢？請先看看下面這首歌訣：
Be動詞，有三個，am，is還有are�！癟here be”真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是is還有are。要用is還是are，須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is，否則就用are。如：
�、賂here is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）.
�、跿here are some pears in the box.
（3）注意：如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的名詞，那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說，“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個名詞來確定的。若那個名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is，是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：
�、賂here is a book and some pens on the floor.
�、赥here are some pens and a book on the floor.
6、like一詞的用法
like用作及物動詞，譯為“喜歡”。
�。�1）后接名詞或代詞，表示喜歡某人或某物。如：
I like the baby very much.我非常喜歡這個小孩。
�。�2）后接動名詞（v. -ing），表示“喜歡做某事”，著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如：
Tom likes playing football.湯姆喜歡踢足球。
�。�3）后接動詞不定式（to do），表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”，著重于某次具體的行為。如：
I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜歡讀書，但我今晚想看電視。
7、句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，注意以下五要素
�。�1）主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we, you→you，she,he,it→ they。
She is a girl. →They are girls.如：
I’m a student. →We are students.
�。�2）am，is要變?yōu)閍re。如：
He is a boy. →They are boys.
�。�3）不定冠詞a，an要去掉。如：
It is an apple. →They are apples.
�。�4）普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：
This is a box. →These are boxes.
8、英語日期的表示法
英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞，它們的首字母必須大寫，并且前面無需用冠詞。
用英語表示日期，其順序?yàn)樵?日+年，日和年之間需用逗號隔開。如：August 2nd，2003（2003年8月2日）。也可以用日+月+年來表示。如：10th May，2003（2003年5月10日）英語日期前介詞的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，則用介詞in，若具體到某一天，則需用介詞on。
9、時間的表達(dá)法
�。�1）直讀式，即直接讀出時間數(shù)字
7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
�。�2）過、差式，即幾點(diǎn)差幾分，幾點(diǎn)過幾分。（以30分為分界線）
1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
（3）12小時制
6:00 a.m.上午6點(diǎn)8:20 p.m.下午8點(diǎn)20分
�。�4）24小時制
13:00 13點(diǎn)鐘22:15 22點(diǎn)15分
（5）15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six
（6）時間前通常用at.
at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
10、want用法
（1）想干什么用want to do sth
They want to join the sports club.他們想加入運(yùn)動俱樂部。
�。�2）第三人稱單數(shù)作主語，want要作變化
�、貶e wants to play basketball.
�、贚i Xia wants to play the piano.
（3）變疑問句，否定句要借助助動詞do或does.
�、伲璂o you want to play soccer ball ?－Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.
②－Does he want to go home by bus ?－Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t
英語語法知識點(diǎn) 16
初一英語易錯知識點(diǎn)歸類例析
英語有很多很細(xì)小的知識點(diǎn)，而這些細(xì)小的知識點(diǎn)往往就是考點(diǎn)。同學(xué)們很容易由于注意不到而犯錯誤，下面就初一年級同學(xué)們比較容易犯錯誤的知識點(diǎn)做一個匯總。
[第一類]名詞類
1、這些女老師們在干什么？
[誤] What are the woman teachers doing？
[正] What are the women teachers doing？
[析]在英語中，當(dāng)一名詞作定語修飾另一名詞（單或復(fù)數(shù)形式）時，作定語的名詞一般要用其單數(shù)形式；但當(dāng)man，woman作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時，要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式men，women.
2、房間里有多少人？
[誤] How many peoples are there in the room？
[正] How many people are there in the room？
[析] people作“人、人們”解時，是個集合名詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。
3、我想為我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。
[誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析]表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時，常用“a / an或數(shù)詞+表量的可數(shù)名詞+ of +不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)，其中當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時，表量的可數(shù)名詞要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
[第二類]動詞類
4、你妹妹通常什么時候去上學(xué)？
[誤] What time does your sister usually goes to school？
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school？
[析]借助助動詞do（或does）構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句時，句中的謂語動詞用其原形。
5、琳達(dá)晚上經(jīng)常做作業(yè)，但今晚她在看電視。
[誤] Linda often do her homework in the evening，but this evening she watching TV. [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening，but this evening she is watching TV.
[析]在初一英語學(xué)習(xí)階段，我們接觸到了兩種主要時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作，常和often，usually，sometimes等時間狀語連用。在一般現(xiàn)在時的句子中，若主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式�，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由be（am / is / are）+ ving形式構(gòu)成。
6、這雙鞋是紅色的。
[誤] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析]在shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses等表示成雙成對的衣物或工具名詞前用pair（表計(jì)量）修飾時，謂語動詞的形式由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定。
[第三類]代詞類
7、這張票是她的，不是我的。
[誤] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析]物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞之后一定要接名詞，而名詞性物主代詞之后不需接任何詞。
8、吳老師教我們英語。
[誤] Miss Wu teaches our English. [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的賓語，因此當(dāng)sb.為人稱代詞時要用其賓格形式。
[第四類]介詞類
9、你能找到這個問題的答案嗎？
[誤] Can you find the answer of this question？
[正] Can you find the answer to this question？
[析]英語中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有the key to the door，the way to the zoo等。
10、格林先生星期六上午來這里。
[誤] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析]表示在上午、下午等時，介詞要用in；而表示在具體的.某天上午、下午時，介詞要用on.
11、那個穿著紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。
[誤] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析]用介詞表示“穿戴衣物”時，只能用in，其他介詞沒有此用法。
[第五類]副詞類
12、莉莉，你為什么不回家呢？
[誤] Lily，why don’t you go to home？[正] Lily，why don’t you go home？
[析] come，go等后接here，there，home等地點(diǎn)副詞時，地點(diǎn)副詞前不加to。
[第六類]連詞類
13、我喜歡語文和英語，但我不喜歡體育和歷史。
[誤] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.and history.
[正] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.or history.
[析]在肯定句中并列成分之間用and來連接；而在否定句中，并列成分之間的連接需用or。
[第七類]冠詞類
14、乘飛機(jī)去北京花了史密斯一家人一個小時。
[誤] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.
[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.
[析]
1、表示“……一家人”用結(jié)構(gòu)“the +姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”；
2、our一詞的第一個字母不發(fā)音，它是以元音音素開頭的，所以“一小時”要用an hour；
3、用介詞by表示“乘坐”某種交通工具時，交通工具名詞前不加任何冠詞。
[第八類]句法類
15、――你不是學(xué)生嗎？――不，我是學(xué)生。
[誤] ――Aren’t you a student？――No，I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student？――Yes，I am.
[析]對否定疑問句的回答是用Yes還是用No，這取決于實(shí)際情況：如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用Yes表“不”；如果事實(shí)是否定的，就用No表“是的”。
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